Life and Work of H.L. Mencken, Writer and Social Critic

Life and Work of H.L. Mencken, Writer and Social Critic H.L. Mencken was an American creator and supervisor who rose to unmistakable quality during the 1920s. For a period, Mencken was viewed as probably the most honed eyewitness of American life and culture. His writing contained incalculable quotable expressions that worked their way into the national talk. During his lifetime, the Baltimore local was frequently called The Sage of Baltimore. Regularly viewed as a fiercely disputable figure, Mencken was known for communicating stridentâ opinions that were hard to order. He remarked on policy centered issues in a coordinated paper segment and applied impact on current writing through a well known magazine he co-altered, The American Mercury. Quick Facts: H.L. Mencken Known As: The Sage of BaltimoreOccupation: Writer, editorBorn: September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, MarylandEducation: Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (high school)Died: January 29, 1956 in Baltimore, MarylandFun Fact: Ernest Hemingway went on about Menckens impact in his novel The Sun Also Rises, in which hero Jake Barnes reflects, such huge numbers of youngsters get their preferences from Mencken. Early Life and Career Henry Louis Mencken was conceived September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, Maryland. His granddad, who had emigrated from Germany during the 1840s, succeeded in the tobacco business. Menckens father, August, was additionally in the tobacco business, and youthful Henry experienced childhood in an agreeable white collar class home. As a youngster, Mencken was sent to a tuition based school worked by a German educator. As a teenager he proceeded onward to an open secondary school, the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated at 16 years old. His training was centered around science and mechanics, subjects that would set him up for a vocation in assembling, Yet Mencken was unmistakably increasingly captivated by composing and the investigation of writing. He attributed his affection for keeping in touch with his youth revelation of Mark Twain, and particularly Twains great novel, Huckleberry Finn. Mencken developed into an energetic peruser and tried to be an author. His dad, in any case, had different thoughts. He needed his child to tail him into the tobacco business, and for a couple of years, Mencken worked for his dad. In any case, when Mencken was 18, his dad kicked the bucket, and he took it as a risk to follow his aspiration. He introduced himself at the workplace of a neighborhood paper, The Herald, and requested a vocation. He was turned down from the start, yet persevered and in the end found a vocation composing for the paper. A vigorous and brisk student, Mencken immediately rose to be the Heralds city manager and eventually the editorial manager. News coverage Career In 1906, Mencken moved to the Baltimore Sun, which turned into his expert home for the greater part of an amazing remainder. At the Sun, he was offered the opportunity to compose his own segment, named The Freelance. As a writer, Mencken built up a style in which he assaulted what he saw as obliviousness and bluster. A lot of his composing focused on what he thought about unremarkableness in legislative issues and culture, frequently conveying cutting parody in deliberately created expositions. Mencken impacted those he thought about wolves in sheep's clothing, which regularly included self-righteous strict figures and government officials. As his scorching writing showed up in magazines across the country, he pulled in an after of perusers who considered him to be a legitimate appraiser of American culture. At the point when World War I broke out, Mencken, who was extremely pleased with his German roots and incredulous of the British, appeared to be on an inappropriate side of standard American sentiment. He was to some degree sidelined during contentions about his devotion, particularly after the United States entered the war, yet his vocation bounced back during the 1920s. Acclaim and Controversy In the late spring of 1925, when a Tennessee teacher, John Scopes, was put being investigated for instructing about the hypothesis of development, Mencken made a trip to Dayton, Tennessee to cover his preliminary. His dispatches were coordinated to papers around the nation. The prominent speaker and political figure William Jennings Bryan had been gotten as an extraordinary examiner for the case. Mencken happily ridiculed him and his fundamentalist adherents. Menckens providing details regarding the Scopes Trial was broadly perused, and residents of the Tennessee town facilitating the preliminary were offended. On July 17, 1925, the New York Times distributed aâ dispatch from Daytonâ topped with the accompanying stacked features: Mencken Epithets Rouse Daytons Ire, Citizens Resent Being Called Babbitts, Morons, Peasants, Hill-Billies, and Yokels, and Talk of Beating Him Up. Not long after the finish of the preliminary, William Jennings Bryan kicked the bucket. Mencken, who had chided Bryan throughout everyday life, composed a severely stunning examination of him. In the exposition, named In Memoriam: W.J.B., Mencken assaulted the as of late withdrew Bryan without leniency, destroying Bryans notoriety in great Mencken style: If the individual was true, at that point so was P. T. Barnum. The word is disrespected and debased by such employments. He was, actually, a fake, a charlatan, a kooky without sense or poise. Menckens spearing of Bryan appeared to characterize his job in the America of the Roaring Twenties. Savage suppositions written in rich composition brought him fans, and his disobedience to what he saw as Puritanical numbness roused perusers. The American Mercury While composing his coordinated paper section, Mencken held a second and similarly requesting work as a co-proofreader, with his companion George Jean Nathan, of the abstract magazine The American Mercury. The magazine distributed short fiction just as news-casting, and for the most part included articles and bits of analysis by Mencken. The magazine got known for distributing crafted by significant American journalists of the time, including William Faulkner, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, and W.E.B. Du Bois. In 1925, an issue of The American Mercury was restricted in Boston when a short story in it was esteemed to be corrupt. Mencken went to Boston and by and by offered a duplicate of the issue to one of the blue pencils so he could be captured (as a horde of undergrads gived a shout out to him). He was cleared and generally commended for his barrier of opportunity of the press. Mencken left the editorship of the American Mercury in 1933, when his political perspectives were viewed as getting increasingly moderate and distant from dynamic perusers. Mencken communicated open hatred for President Franklin D. Rooseveltâ and perpetually ridiculed and censured the projects of the New Deal. The expressive renegade of the 1920s had transformed into a testy traditionalist as the nation endured during the Great Depression. The American Language Mencken had consistently been profoundly intrigued by the advancement of language, and in 1919 had distributed a book, The American Language, which reported how words came into utilization by Americans. During the 1930s, Mencken came back to his work reporting language. He urged perusers to send him instances of words in different districts of the nation, and busied himself with that exploration. A significantly augmented fourth version of The American Languageâ was distributed in 1936. He later refreshed the work with supplements distributed as discrete volumes. Menckens research on how Americans changed and utilized the English language is dated at this point, obviously, however it is as yet useful and frequently engaging. Journals and Legacy Mencken had been cordial with Harold Ross, the manager of The New Yorker, and Ross, during the 1930s, urged Mencken to compose personal expositions for the magazine. In a progression of articles, Mencken expounded on his adolescence in Baltimore, his unruly years as a youthful writer, and his grown-up profession as an editorial manager and reporter. The articles were in the end distributed as a progression of three books, Happy Days, Newspaper Days, and Heathen Days. In 1948 Mencken, keeping to his long custom, secured both significant gathering political shows and composed coordinated dispatches about what he had seen. Late that year he experienced a stroke which he just somewhat recouped. He experienced issues talking, and his capacity to peruse and compose had been lost. He lived discreetly in his home in Baltimore, visited by companions, including William Manchester, who might compose the main significant memoir of Mencken. He kicked the bucket on January 29, 1956. In spite of the fact that he had been out of the open eye for quite a long time, his demise wasâ reported as first page newsâ by the New York Times. In the decades since his passing, Menckens heritage has been broadly discussed. There is no uncertainty he was an author of incredible ability, however his showcase of extremist mentalities unquestionably lessened his notoriety. Sources Mencken, H. L. Storm Contextual Encyclopedia of American Literature, vol. 3, Gale, 2009, pp. 1112-1116. Storm Virtual Reference Library. Berner, R. Thomas. Mencken, H. L. (1880â€1956). St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, altered by Thomas Riggs, second ed., vol. 3, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 543-545. Henry Louis Mencken. Reference book of World Biography, second ed., vol. 10, Gale, 2004, pp. 481-483. Manchester, William. The Life and Riotous Times of H.L. Mencken. Rosetta Books, 2013.Mencken, H. L., and Alistair Cooke. The Vintage Mencken. Vintage, 1990.

IT case study Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IT contextual investigation - Outline Example t business measurements, useful assistance advantages for the cafã ©, administration utility, results got from rehearsing request the executives, significance of early life backing and whether the cafã © ought to have the administration work area (Lytras, Ziderman and Manolova, 2010. pp.156). IT foundation library is the way toward providing fundamental practices for the IT administrations. The utilization of this technique is rising in light of the fact that different business premises rely upon IT to fulfill and accomplish the company’s’ procedures. Along these lines, Bill Melmac, the proprietor of Melmac cafã © ought to consider executing the IT foundation Library in its business. This will be of advantage in light of the fact that the library has unique speculations and methodology that direct any business to settle on the best and productive thought relating the activity and the executives of the business. ITIL will offer Bill Melmac with advices and diverse IT seminars on the administration of his business administrations (Lytras, Ziderman and Manolova, 2010. pp.157). ITIL will furnish Bill Melmac with general information in regards to the cafã © administration systems, the plans that he ought to apply in conveying the arranged nourishments to the customers, the best assistance progress material in his business, prudent help tasks and how he can constantly improve his cafã © administrations. Hence, in the wake of applying the ITIL in his cafã ©, Bill will pass on the ideal ITIL bundle the board answers for his cafã ©. He will likewise distinguish the particular prerequisites for his business and actualize them thusly. He will find out the reasonable ITIL administration the board arrangements that are significant in taking care of his business issues and guarantee that the administration is savvy (Lytras, Ziderman and Manolova, 2010. pp.156). Business result alludes to the objective or the advantages that a given business premise endeavors to accomplish after it encounters intercessions or makes changes. Business results are the principle reasons why numerous organizations draw in different exercises, activities,

James Fenimore Coopers Last of the Mohicans: Book and Movie Essay

James Fenimore Cooper's Last of the Mohicans: Book and Movie  The book Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper was very not the same as the film Last of the Mohicans as far as the storyline. In any case, I feel that the maker and executive of this film worked admirably of saving Cooper's unique vision of the great American man getting by in the wild, while potentially introducing it better than the book initially did and in a progressively credible manner to a late twentieth century peruser.   â  The producers of the film Last of the Mohicans protected Cooper's focal thoughts and topics well overall, the most significant of whichâ is the issue, what makes a man?â Very barely any books that I have perused contain such an unmistakable feeling of what a man ought to be as Last of the Mohicans.â Cooper depicts the saint, Hawkeye, as courageous, autonomous, and able in the methods for the woods.â He is a tracker, he can hit an objective with a shot from any separation, he can battle the malicious Iroquois Indians without batting to such an extent as an eyelash.â The creators of the film make careful arrangements to save these features of Hawkeye, however then go past what Cooper initially set down as the premise forâ his saint's character.â In the book, Hawkeye shows very small inclination and the peruser has almost no sympathy with him, despite the fact that he is the hero.â In the film, be that as it may, there is an incredible sentiment between Hawkeye and Cora that doesn't exist in the book.â This sentiment includes a more human side to Hawkeye's character;â it show s his mindful side past all the saint woodsman characteristics - at the end of the day, the non-Rambo, late twentieth century rendition of a hero.â Every legend should ha... ...d, when Magua, the malevolent opponent, slaughters Uncas and Alice is given the decision of being Magua's better half or slaughtering herself, she picks passing. Cooper's unique purpose was to have Cora slaughtered for being impudent, while Alice stayed easygoing and alive.â Instead the creators of the film change even the weak Alice into a character of solidarity and freedom (the late twentieth century perfect), as appeared in her last demonstration of suicide.â Cora, additionally solid and favored with the capacity to think for herself all through the film,â survives.â I f these progressions added a ton to the characters of both Cora and Alice, who in the book were stick figures, females who did for all intents and purposes only be spared. also, in light of this once more fortifies my assessment that the film holds Cooper's vision and presents it better than Cooper did himself.

Case study Milk - 1925 Words

Case study: Milk (Case Study Sample) Content: Case studyName:Instructor:Course:Date:Case studyIntroductionMilk is not just the usual drink; it has become a cultural norm in most parts of the world which goes back to thousands of years. Currently the myths and misconception of milk is still loud and clear. In 2001, the average American child consumed 104 quarts of cow's milk. Due to the presence of calcium and phosphorous in milk, the intake of milk has been associated with improved bone health but contrary to this research has proved that this is just a myth and that the opposite is true. Milk is a rich food that is composed of all nutrients and micronutrients needed by the body. Milk comes in various forms such as whole milk, skimmed milk, cheese yoghurt, salami and so on. Skim milk in particular contains little or no fatas compared to whole milk. As a result it is usually recommended for individuals who want to lose weight and maintain a healthy body. Generally skim milk is less healthy than whole milk since it does not contain milk fat. It lacks fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A and K. Apart of milk fat can be removed from whole milk to make semi-skim milk. Milk is composed of several minerals such as phosphorus. Skim milk is particularly a good source of phosphorus. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that accounts for up to 1 percent of the total body weight of a human being. This paper is focused on bringing out the relationship of milk and bone fracture.There those who strongly belief that increased intake of calcium in the form of the currently recommended three glasses of milk per day helps in preventing osteoporosis, which is defined as the weakening of bones due to low bone mass. Osteoporosis causes more than 1.5 million fractures of which 300,000 are broken hips. On the other hand there are those who belief that consuming a lot of milk and other dairy products will have little effect on the rate of fractures but may contribute to problems such as heart disease or prostate c ancer. It is vital to have an understanding of the function of calcium in the body so as to help establish whether milk intake has any significant effect on bone fracture.CalciumCalcium is one of the trace elements needed by the body to perform the following functions: transmission of impulse in the nervous system; growth, development and maintenance of strong healthy bones and teeth, blood clotting mechanism, and the regulation of the heart's rhythm. Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the human body is stored in the bones and teeth. The remaining 1 percent is found in the blood and other tissues. There are two ways in which the body gets calcium. One way is through taking dietary supplements that are rich in calcium. Rich sources of calcium include dairy products, green vegetables and dried beans. Dairy products contain the largest concentration of calcium per serving and have a high absorption rate in the body (Harvard School of Public Health).Calcium supplements are usually sp iked with vitamin D so as to derive more health benefits. The second way in which the body gets calcium is from the bone reserves. When the calcium level in the blood goes down below the required amount, calcium in the bone is pulled out to restore the calcium level in the blood.Statement of the problemConsumption of milk as been linked to improved bone health for a long time making it one the most consumed product in the world. Milk contains calcium which is a major component of the bone mass. Contrary to this popular belief studies have shown that intake of milk in adults has no significant effect on the health status of the bone. In fact some studies have suggested that bone intake actually depletes the much needed calcium in the body thereby making it weak and prone to fracture. This paper aims at establishing facts relating to milk consumption and bone health by engaging people of different age groups in the research.HypothesisNull hypothesis: Milk consumption has no significan t effect on reducing bone fractures on people of all age groups.Alternate hypothesis: Consumption of milk has a significant effect on the reduction of bone fractures on people of all age group.Literature reviewMilk is associated with the depletion of calcium from bonesThe myth about health benefits of milk has spread all over the world. This misconception is based on the belief that milk is a protein and calcium-rich drink making it essential for supporting good overall health and bone health in particular at any age. The confusion arising from the health benefit of milk stems from the fact that it contains calcium. A cup of milk contains about 300 mg of calcium. Several scientific studies have shown an assortment of detrimental health effects directly linked to milk consumption. These scientific studies have shown a surprising fact contrary to the conventional belief relating to milk and bone health. Studies have shown that the intake of milk actually reduces the absorption of calc ium in the bone. People rarely absorb calcium present in the cow's milk and it is even worse for pasteurized milk. This is a great irony since the studies further shows that it actually increases the loss of calcium in the bones.Animal proteins contain the acidic group which makes the body pH acidic as a result biological reaction is triggered. Calcium is one of the best neutralizing agents of acidity in the body. Calcium is stored in the bone marrow. What actually happens when a person takes milk is that calcium is released from the bone reserves so as to neutralize the acidic effect brought about by milk protein. Therefore the calcium that body needs for maintaining strong healthy bone and the general good health status of the body is used to neutralize acidity. Once calcium is removed from the bones, it is excreted from the body as urine. Therefore the net result of milk intake is deficit of calcium in the body. Statistics has proved this right since countries with the lowest con sumption of dairy products also have the lowest fracture incidence in their population.Despite all these facts about the milk and health the majority of mainstream health practitioners ignore these proven facts. Most doctors usually recommend that increased intake of milk in case of osteoporosis (Burckhardt, 2007).The cow's milk is specifically tailored for calves. It is the best source of food for calves. Calves usually have an average weight of about 1000 pounds at birth but they weigh approximately eight times more at the time of weaning. After weaning they never attempt to take milk again which also applies to all the other mammalian species. This is a lesson that humans need to learn and stop their obsession with milk. Each mammalian species have their own type of m ilk that is specifically tailored to meet their needs. The milk of a cow particularly contains about thrice the amount of protein present in human milk which creates metabolic disturbances in humans that have detrim ental bone health consequences. The mother's milk is the best source of nutrients for the human body but the same cannot be said of the cow's milk since its composition is different from humans (London, 2011).Minerals in MilkMilk is composed of several minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and zinc. These minerals occur in the form of salts in varying proportion in milk as follows; approximately 67% calcium, 44% phosphate and 35% magnesium salts. These salts are bound within the casein micelle and the remainders are soluble in the serum phase. The fact that calcium and phosphate are associated as salts bound with the protein does not affect the nutritional availability of either calcium or phosphate.Several studies have shown that calcium supplementation can retard bone loss among adult women. However, inconsistent results from prospective studies and interventions trials '4 have not provided strong support for a positive association between adult calc ium intake and osteoporotic fractures. The fragility of the bone is mainly as a result of low bone mass. Direct investigation that has been con...

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Differences Between Public And Community Health - 1220 Words

Public and community health both have a common goal which is to promote, preserve, and maintain health of individuals whether it is through entire population or group of individuals within a society. Personal health is universal term which is associated with an individual or a community that focus on health of individual(s). This paper discusses differences between public and community health along with its benefits and disadvantages. It also focuses on public health assessment as well as management of conflict by policy makers. Formation of public policy by using health assessments and finally, legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes and how it affects the community. Public health is a huge umbrella term that represent population and within that population is a community. Its primary focus is on population and prevention of diseases and creating healthy communities nationally. It incorporates social, physical, and cultural environments to assist people and their communities (Public Health and Medicine, 2016). Benefits of public health includes preventing disease and prolonging life such as vaccinations. It focuses on threats to overall health of a community with an aim of controlling rather than treating diseases and promote healthy behaviors. It also focuses on treating diseases in case of outbreaks such as in Zika virus. Additional, benefits include improving communication among political and economic departments to improve health of public and communities.Show MoreRelatedCritically Compare and Contrast Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems851 Words   |  4 Pagescritically compare and contrast community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. I will do this by comparing strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, as well as similarities between these approaches. To compare these two concepts, one should first have a basic understanding of the origins and historical development of community psychology and public health. According to the American Heritage Medical dictionary (www.ahdictionary.com) Community Psychology is â€Å"the applicationRead MoreCommunity Psychology1488 Words   |  6 Pagesconcepts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Similarities and differences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Strengths and weaknesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Reference list†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 3 Critically compare and contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengthsRead MoreA Comparison of Community Psychology and Public Health1179 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARISON OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH. 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This paper will discuss the differences between private and public health insurances as wellRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1055 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The American Heritage Medical dictionary (Website one, 2007) defines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoringRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1049 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The American Heritage Medical dictionary (Website one, 2007) defines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring

Business Corporations Standards Board

Question: Discuss about the Business Corporations for Standards Board. Answer: Introduction Business corporations around the world emphasises on incorporating a sound conceptual framework for ensuring the development of high-quality financial reports to effectively meet the needs of all users. Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is an Australian Government Agency that mainly holds the responsibility of establishing financial reporting standards to be followed by all the corporations in the country. ASSB develops and establishes all the accounting standards as per the principles of conceptual framework (About the AASB, 2016). In this context, the present report aims to analyse the level of annual reports compliance of two Australian companies that are TPG Telstra with conceptual frameworks and AASB reporting standards. The effect of prudence principle on the presentation of annual report is also demonstrated in detail in the present report. Compliance of TPG and Telstra annual reports with conceptual framework and AASB standards requirements TPG is a market leader in the telecommunication industry of Australia that is actively involved in providing its customers communication services that are reliable, fast and cost effective. The company provides Fibre Optic, telephony services, Internet Protocol Television and other diverse range of communication services to residential users, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), government, large corporate enterprises and wholesale customers (About TPG, 2016). The company annual report depicted that it follows the conceptual framework and Australian accounting standards board while preparing financial statements. Accounting Conceptual Framework encloses a set of theoretical principles that are generally accepted as guidelines in preparation of financial statements. The conceptual framework reviews the annual report of the companies in terms of understanding, relevance, reliability and comparability (Australian Reporting Essentials, 2016). AASB governs and reviews the Australian corpo rations reporting standards with the application of principles of conceptual framework. Understanding means that the financial information disclosed is simple and relevant to be presented in front of the users. It should not be unnecessarily lengthy or complex that decrease its understanding. The annual report of the company prepared by the directors is prepared in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. The financial statements are developed in a clear manner by the application of accounting records to reflect the transactions of the company with reasonable accuracy (Burton and Jermakowicz, 2015). The financial statements prepared of the company are also in accordance with the relevance principle of the conceptual framework and AASB standard requirements. The relevance principle indicates that it facilities users to evaluate past, present and future financial events. The companys annual report has disclosed relevant information regarding Net Profit after Tax (NPAT), Earnings per share (EPS) and Dividend per Share (DPS). The operating and financial review section of the annual report presented concise and materialistic information regarding corporate business, cash flow, its acquisition of the inept Group (. The annual report also reflected that financial information published is reliable that is free from any type of material error. The annual report has incorporated the use of accurate and specific financial figures to reflect its profitability and growth. The annual report also complies largely with comparability standards so that the financial statements are easily comparab le for users for the investment purposes. The financial information is being thoroughly analysed and examined with the comparison of the previous years (TPG Annual Report, 2015). TPG however does not comply with the Corporations Act 2001 of Australia in preparing its financial reports by not disclosing precise information on environment stewardship. The annual report has also demonstrated all the information necessary for maintaining the investor confidence in the Australian economy. On the contrary, Telstra annual report also reflects compliance with conceptual framework and ASSB standards requirements. The company is also a leader in telecommunications and media industry of Australia that provides mobile phones, home phones and broadband internet devices to the countrys economy. The principles of understanding, relevance, reliability and comparability of conceptual framework are effectively followed by the company. However, its annual report is clear and presents materialistic information to the users. The report has incorporated all the information regarding the companys sustainability that is not presented in the Telstra annual report. Also, the financial information is not divided into clear sections in TPG annual report that makes it relatively difficult to be understood in comparison to Telstra annual report (Telstra Annual Report, 2016). Reason of non-compliance of TPG with some of the principles of Conceptual Framework and AASB standard requirements TPG does not comply with the AASB standard requirements of disclosing all the materialistic information regarding environment sustainability. The act has implemented obligations on corporations to disclose their environmental performance in the annual reports. It mandates environment reporting for the companies to know the effects of their business operations on environment sustainability. This may due to the reason as the government is finding this section as vague and uncertain and therefore has not mandated the Australian corporations to disclose their environmental performance (Taberner, et al, 2016). This proposal of the countrys government is under criticism due to the fact that shareholders and community holds the responsibility of knowing the environmental effects of the corporation for ensuring their well-being. The government, in this context, is suggested by the criticisers of replacing the section of the Corporations Act 2001 with the mandatory reporting regime that addre sses environment responsibility of the corporations. The mandatory reporting regime should clarify the necessary environment responsibilities of the Australian corporations for protecting the interests of all its stakeholders. The reporting regime should mandate the business corporations to fulfil their obligations towards community benefits by applying the principles of good corporate governance. Thus, in the absence of mandatory requirements for environmental reporting, TPG does not comply with conceptual framework and AASB standard requirement of disclosing all the relevant information regarding the companys performance (Taberner, et al, 2016). Revision of Conceptual Framework to include prudence for addressing the disparity in corporate Reporting The element of prudence was removed from the reliability principles of conceptual framework in the year 2010. Reliability is a fundamental qualitative characteristic of conceptual framework that emphasises on faithful representation of the information that is complete, neutral and free from any type of error. The concept of prudence was incorporated in reliability principle before the time period of 2010. Prudence can be stated as inclusion of degree of caution in the exercise of judgements where there is existence of any uncertainty (Deegan, 2014). Prudence emphasises on use of reasonable and professional opinions for resolving matters relating to the occurrence of any uncertain condition. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has revised the conceptual framework for inclusion of prudence to enhance consistency and clarity in the corporate reporting (Bringing Clarity to the Conceptual Framework, 2016). IASB has incorporated the adoption of prudence principle in the concept ual framework that governs the preparation of annual report by Australian corporations. The concept of prudence was ignored by the IASB in conceptual framework as a means of reflecting unrealistic estimated in the annual reports prepared. The addition of prudence principle would rather help the Australian corporations to undertake a degree of caution in managing uncertainty existing in the business procedures (Kieso et al, 2010). The disparity in corporate reporting found out in the case of TPG of not disclosing the information regarding its environment responsibility can be properly addressed with the inclusion of prudence in conceptual framework. The government of Australia is facing ambiguousness regarding the implementation of a legal section under the Corporations Act 2001 for mandating companies to report their environmental performance (Dagwell et al, 2011). The ambiguousness can be resolved with the including prudence in reliability principle of conceptual framework. The uncertainty faced by the government regarding the adoption of compulsory standards for governing environmental sustainability can be resolved through application of prudence principle. The concept of prudence would help in overcoming the inconsistencies that exists in corporations report regarding disclosing of environment sustainability (PKF International Ltd, 2015). As discussed above, Telstra in its annual report has reflected the information regarding its environmental performance and the initiatives taken by it to achieve sustainability. However, TPG has not enclosed the information about its initiatives and responsibility taken in the regard of achieving environmental sustainability. The absence of prudence in the reliability principle of conceptual framework can be regarded as the major reason behind the disparity in the corporate reporting of TPG. Australian government can overcome the confusion regarding the adoption of mandatory standards for reporting the firms CSR initiatives by seeking the help of professional judgements for implementing the same. Recommendations On the basis of the overall discussion, it can be recommended to TPG to incorporate changes in its annual report disclosing format. As analysed from the annual report prepared by Telstra Corporation, all the necessary sections are incorporated in the report for making it understandable by the end-users. The inclusion of various headings and sub-sections in the annual report enhances its credibility and makes it easy for the investors to analyse the companys performance for investing purpose. Telstra has also outlined a specific section in its annual report for distracting its various measures adopted for protecting the environment and community from adverse effects of its operational activities. The same is lacking in the annual report of TPG as it has not enclosed the companys performance regarding achieving environment sustainability. As per the accounting standard requirements of AASB, the corporations in Australia has to prepare their annual report by adopting the rules and regulations of Corporations Act 2001. The Act has also directed the companies to report their environment sustainability measures but the adoption of a mandatory reporting regime is the issue of debate for the government of the country. The inclusion of prudence principle in the corporations reporting framework can help the government of the country for reducing the uncertainty existing with the implementation of a mandatory standard for reporting their environmental performance (Krivogorsky, 2011). On the basis of comparison of annual reporting framework of TPG and Telstra, it is recommend to TPG to incorporate a detailed section for reporting its environmental performance for achieving sustainability. Both the companies operate in the telecommunication sector of Australia; Telstra has achieved a good market position in the specific sector o f the country through attaining goodwill among its stakeholders. Telstra has achieved good brand position among its stakeholders through the inclusion of responsible practices for protecting the environment and community as reflected from its annual report. On the other hand, TPG still lacks behind from Telstra in terms of brand image due to non-disclosure of its environmental performance in its annual report. Conclusion It can be summarised from the overall discussion held in the report that TPG and Telstra both have attained strong position in the telecommunication sector of Australia. Both the companies comply with conceptual framework and AASB standards as reflected from their annual report. However, TPG still needs to revise its annual reporting format to incorporate the obligations of Corporations Act 2001 for reflecting its initiatives taken for protecting environment. TPG can strengthen its brand image through properly disclosing the materialistic information about its environment sustainability measures. The inclusion of prudence principle in the conceptual framework can help in overcoming the identified annual reporting disparity of TPG. References About the AASB. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/About-the-AASB.aspx [Accessed on: 15 September 2016]. About TPG. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tpg.com.au/about/profile.php [Accessed on: 15 September 2016]. Australian Reporting Essentials. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/Industry-Topics/Reporting/Current-issues/Conceptual-framework.aspx [Accessed on: 15 September 2016]. Bringing Clarity To The Conceptual Framework. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/discover/cpd-articles/corporate-reporting/holt-jan16.html [Accessed on: 15 September 2016]. Burton, G. F. and Jermakowicz, E.K. 2015. International Financial Reporting Standards: A Framework-Based Perspective. Routledge. Dagwell, R. et al. 2011. Corporate Accounting in Australia. Pearson Higher Education AU. Deegan, C. 2014. Financial Accounting Theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Kieso, D. E. et al. 2010. Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition. John Wiley Sons. Krivogorsky, V. 2011. Law, Corporate Governance and Accounting: European Perspectives. Routledge. PKF International Ltd. 2015. Wiley IFRS 2015: Interpretation and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards. John Wiley Sons. Taberner, J. et al. 2016. Corporate liability for environmental performance: Proposal to repeal laws. [Online]. Available at: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/248/corporate-liability-for-environmental-performance-.aspx [Accessed on: 15 September 2016]. Telstra Annual Report. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://telstra2016ar.interactiveinvestorreports.com/financialreports/downloads/telstra2016ar.pdf [Accessed on: 15 September 2016]. TPG Annual Report. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tpg.com.au/about/pdfs/FY15%20Annual%20Report.pdf [Accessed on: 15 September 2016].

The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession

Introduction The stability and vigor of any economy is very important to individuals living within that country, especially when it comes to determining prices of items, employment and lending interest rates. The economy usually undergoes different business cycles; these cycles include either a period of expansion (boom) or a period of contraction, which is referred to as the recession (Weaver 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These economic convulsions normally occur in the ordinary course of business and they are usually unpredictable. Some of the most famous economic contractions to ever hit the planet were the great depression of the 1930’s in U.S.A, the Asian currency crises of the late 1990’s and lately the great Recession of Dec 2008-June 09. The long term growth of any economy is usually controlled by the government using both fiscal and monetary policies. These two tools are known as Macroeconomic policies which the government manipulates over the long run and short run in order to ensure that the economy achieves optimal performance (Colander 29). Monetary policies aim to control the supply of money and interest rates within the economy by setting a floor or ceiling on the amount of money supplied at the economy at any one given moment (Weaver 17). Fiscal policies on the other hand is a macroeconomic tool which a government steers the path of the economy by fluctuation the levels of government expenditure and revenue election which is also known as taxation. Both monetary and fiscal policies are important tools that enable the government through economists to carefully plan on how to counter the negative effects of either a recession or economic contraction. The Great Recession The great recession of 2008-09 is considered to be the worst recession that hit the Ame rican economy since World War II, furthermore the fact that the American economy was entering into recession was scaring the rest of the world’s biggest economies and trade partners this wide spread panic threatening to lead to a financial contagion. The beginnings of the effects of the recession were felt in the Q1 (first quarter) of 2008 whereby by March over 63,000 Americans did lose their jobs. In Q3 the effects of the recession were rampant and many businesses around America started closing down due to bankruptcy claims, at the same time the American public spending had plummeted by over 6.3% and the economy of the United States Gross domestic product went down by 0.5%.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the same Q3 of 2008 more that 156,000 American had lost their jobs (Roberts 29-40). During March 2009 the full effects of the recession were seen worldwide with America’s closest allies and business partners facing the hit and having their economies also plunge into economies contractions. During the same time the American unemployment rate had hit 8.5% and close to 5.1% million Americans were now jobless (Auerbach 6). This meant that America was now in a lot of trouble because the Citizens were less liquid and had little or no money to spend, the same applied to businesses and not only were small to mid level commercial enterprises affected by this but also the giant business now felt the hit and their quarterly earnings together with share prices went down. Some of these corporations included A.I.G insurance, GM General Motors, Lehman Brothers, and Bear Stearns. When citizens and businesses of an economy do not spend due to luck of enough disposable income then speculation ceases to exist and an economy which does not spend will definitely not grow but shrink (Roberts 79-82). The American government was forced to intervene because it could no longer sit by and watch the economic prowess of their country go down the drain the government used Macroeconomic policies to restore the public and investor confidence in the American Economy by bringing it back to track. The Government comes to the rescue Fiscal Policies The American government through the Federal Reserve decided to introduce a $ 787 billion stimulus package as a part of its fiscal policy to stimulate spending within the American economy. The American government aimed at increasing the amount of money which was in the hands of Americans. By this way then Americans would have more money to spend on goods and services within their borders. Most of the money from the package leaked and trickled down into the economy through unemployment benefits for those who lost their jobs and other social welfare provisions and domestic expenditure in education, health care, and infrastructure together with the energy sector (Auerbach 1). According to Maynard Keynes, a renowned economist, when the government counters the contraction of an economy during a recession, increased government expenditure can be a way by which the government can increase aggregate demand within the economy. An increase of funds in the economy will mean that there are more funds which individuals can use to purchase goods within the American economy, this way even the business men and entrepreneurs together with corporate establishments will also have more need to increase business activities and order more suppliers from other vendors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words the spending and demand of goods and services as a result of increase government spending will encourage repeated economic activity that will send a shock wave through the economy and revive business activities (Auerbach 3). The expansionary monetary policy which is also called by economists as easy money was brought about by the Barrack Obama’s administration in order to ensure that local American bushiness would no loner close down because the American consumers lacked funds to stimulate demand, the economists under this regime believed that increased expenditure as the result of the fiscal policy would end up increasing the amount of money that the American public held and this would force them to demand goods and services. Another fiscal policy adopted by the American government during this period was reduction of taxes especially through tax incentives which were also designed for both individuals and companies. Under this scheme, individuals would either save on taxes as a result of tax cuts or receive government cheques of tax incentives. Some of this tax benefits and incentives included new payroll tax incentives where individual taxation was reduced in homesteads that increasing the amount of money available to individuals once they were paid (Auerbach 6). The government reviewed Expansion of child tax credit by extending $1,000 credit to families with children even those families which were not able to pay taxes before. At the same period families with children in collage also got tax incentives in order to promote spending in education, home buyers also got tax incentives through the Homebuyer credit scheme where the government wanted to encourage individuals to buy homes and revive the real estate sector. Unemployed individuals who were enjoying unemployment benefits had their taxable income coming from unemployment benefits also reduced (Roberts 172-177). The government also extended tax incentives to individuals who used more friendly sources of energy and building materials in their homes. Companies on the other hand were allowed to adjust loses running up to five previous years and file for tax refunds, tax credits were also extended to companies which have adopted renewable energy and green practices and some companies also got tax credits and refunds through adjusting the depreciation of their assets.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The move of the American government to offer tax incentive to both the corporate world and individuals was to increase the amount of disposable income in their hands in order to elevate aggregate demand within the American economy. Monetary Policies When the great recession hit America, the government was forced to carry out radical monetary policies in order to pull out the economy out of the recession. The economic bubble that came with the recession interrupted the demand and supply of money together with interest rates. The subsequent contraction of the economy forced the Federal Reserve to adopt an expansionary economic policy that would enable the cash tight economy ensures that the supply of money in the economy was appropriate for recovery. The government besides initiating a $787b went further to bail out banks which had lost numerous funds and had even run out of capital to cater to the largest deposits of their customers (Roberts 82). The rapid revival of the economy mean t that the Federal Bank initiated a nationwide response that would guarantee the increase in supply of money and this would decrease the interest rates. The recession made it hard even for individual and companies to borrow credit because the shortage of money meant that the cost of borrowing had gone up and this led the entire nation to a liquidity problem and individuals/corporate did not spend a lot of money because they feared borrowing. The government thus introduced a bail out package of $ 700B, this bailout plan was necessary and proved fruitful because most of the time it is the banks which serve as the financial intermediaries in a country’s financial system to control the amount of the money in the economy and this provided an avenue by which the Federal Reserve could regulate the supply of money within the economy (Roberts 254). By this way, the Federal Reserve would easily control or influence the interest rates and encourage the American public to borrow money fr om the American Banking system, thus the individuals would spend the money in recurrent expenditures and speculation and encourage growth of the economy. The net effect of this bailout would be stabilization of prices and interest rates, this way business and economic activities would increase steadily and this would reduce unemployment rates in the long run through encouraging repeated expenditure which will push companies into employing more individuals in order to expand their business. Conclusion The moves made by the American government and the Federal reserve contributed a lot towards ensuring that the American economy recovered from the recession more quickly and less scathed. Had the government not reacted as first as it did and used the available macroeconomic policies to bring the expansion effect in the economy at the time of the contraction, then not only would America be affected but the effects of the recession would have been even harder on other countries of the worl d. Works Cited Auerbach, Alan. â€Å"Fiscal policy in recession: US fiscal policy in Recession: what’s next?† CESifo Forum 2/2009. 2009. Web. Colander, David. Macroeconomics, 8th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print. Roberts, Michael. The Great Recession. New York: Lulu Enterprises Inc., 2009. Print. Weaver, Frederick. Economic literacy: basic economics with an attitude. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2007. Print. This essay on The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession was written and submitted by user Zayden Tyson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Ideas of Plato and Aristotle essay

buy custom Ideas of Plato and Aristotle essay In spite of the fact, that Plato was Aristotles teacher their political ideas seem to have a slight difference. It is natural to start the comparison from analyzing Platos views, since he was the one who gave the knowledge and base to Aristotle. Plato considers philosophers the key characters in the formation of an ideal state. In his most famous essay "The Republic" he identifies a particular group of philosophers, which is not subject to the laws by which the rest of society lives. Exactly this point allows them to be wise leaders of society. We have to admit, that Plato was the founder of the school of idealism, thus his views on such matters were not very realistic. However, Plato emphasizes that the world must be built by those who have taken a long path of knowledge and have gained much of experience. It must begin with the sciences, which produce harmony of thought, depth and breadth of thinking. Basics are in mathematics, geometry and astronomy. But Plato sees the basis of wisdom beyond the "mathematical cycle. As a true idealist Plato is against the two evils in any society - wealth and poverty. The only wealth to him is wisdom and virtue. While gold is the equivalent of evil. According to Plato, if gold is highly prized in a country, virtue and kindness are prized less. The poor are also perhaps the main enemies of the ideal state, because if the poor and disadvantaged get access to public goods, hoping to snatch a piece there, it wont make any good, the philosopher thinks. Plato insists on the nessesity of education from the early childhood. However, he means volunteer education. Plato believes that everybody should do only what they like, what they tend to do. But this does not mean that the youth wont get to know about other sciences, he will optionally get acquainted with them. According to Plato the most successful in their studies are the future elite (only a principle of its formation is acceptable to Plato, he talks about the need to avoid the diffusion of social classes, for each has its place and role in life). However the history the history has proved the irrationality of this approach. After all, desire to "jump higher" has been giving birth to great people. Nevertheless there is one strong principle that only old and wise people may be aloud to govern. The ideal age for philosophy and politics is fifty years, when a person already know a lot, and have seen a lot. And the philosophy with the help of his authority will be able to raise a successor. Having determined for himself the image of ideal politician, Plato proceeds to the analysis of existing types of government. It is known that Plato himself was an active supporter of the slave-owning aristocracy. Noblesse - this is a wise philosopher, who are guarded by not less wise guards and are supported by landowners. Hence, it is a matter of fact that individual happiness and justice is actually the essence of Platos political approach. He presented the version of ethical politics to get the peace prosperity and progress in the society. At the same time, his wisdom of a second parallel world in his theory of form tints out the ethical approach in the politicians. That is why he has been always known as a humanistic personality and insightful scholar. Hannah Arendt is neither ancient nor philosopher. But, she has been called a philosopher by a large amount of people. However, she herself denied that fact. Her blend of ancient, old and current political, public and social theories provide comprehensive wisdom to understand the overall human life and its political scenario. The most unacceptable to Plato type of state is oligarchic. Such a state is dangerous primarily for its citizens, those who are not too rich. However, Plato does not see any merit in a democratic system either, because such state is not concerned of what kind of life did the person, who became a governor, had led before. In the democratic state, there is no place for philosopher and his thoughts, because the crowd is not able to understand his reasoning. In a democracy, violates the principle of everyone being their places, which they have been belonging since their childhood. And the main fault of democracy according to Plato is freedom, or rather the excessiveness, and people can not accurately use this right, because democracy doesnt teach them to. People can not be happy in democracy because they are too free and suffer this freedom. However, if they were taught by the wise philosophers of how to manage their freedom, how to use their rights, the state would be able to provide a much better life. Man is like the state, hence it has its own and all the diseases and vices of the latter: the tyranny he is poor, oppressed by demons, it ruled by evil forces, he has no choice. Vices leads to disease of the soul. Just as the body destroys the disease, they destroy the soul. Plato argues that the human soul is virtually immortal. It can not kill the influence from the outside, it can only be destroyed from within, the actions of the man himself. But everything that happens to him on the outside it - ultimately it is for the benefit , even if man suffers poverty, sickness, or else of what is evil, all this will eventually be him for the good in ife and after death. Plato and Aristotle were the authors of many works, but if the works of Plato are preserved in a sufficiently large volume , in the case of Aristotle, a complete collection has been preserved. Many works have survived only in fragments. Despite all of the views of Aristotle, the basis of his philosophy is the doctrine of Plato, as he held the same view on the nature of knowledge, which has its origin in the mind. The state, according to Aristotle is "work of nature", a product of natural development. It is based on the needs of people. Aristotle have pointed out the famous definition of man as "animal political" or public, and the policy is society. The meaning of this definition is that a man can not live alone, he needs contact with others, in association with them. Isolated people, says Aristotle, must possess the qualities of God, to remain human. Because of these qualities man becomes a beast. According to Aristotle there are three levels of associations that people make in their natural desire to communicate. The first - a family consisting of men, women and children. Then the village or town, and finally the policy. As we expand the terms of association, its complexity, climbing the ladder of social life increasing the amount of benefits of a persons communication and security. The division of labor becomes increasingly important for it gives benefits. The relationship of master and slave are, according to Aristotle, part of the family, not the state. The political authority is derived from the relationship between freedom and equality; it is fundamentally different from his father's authority over the children and from the master's authority over the slaves. The state, says Aristotle, - is a complex concept. In form, it represents a certain kind of organization and brings a certain set of people. From this angle he no longer means such primary elements of the state, as an individual, family, etc., and the citizen. Protection of private property did not prevent Aristotle from condemning greed and over-enrichment. He identifies two forms of wealth accumulation. First - our work, through production, wealth creation - increases overall wealth and favorable policy. In the second form - through trade, speculation, usury - nothing new is created. This is nothing but transfer of ready-made values, selfish enrichment. The ideal of Aristotle is private property, which fruits are used for the common good. Man by nature seeks to communicate with others, and this leads to family at first, and then to the union of families - the village, and several villages form the state as the highest form of human communication. Aristotle considers, that human nature manifests itself in state. While outside the state there are only gods and beasts. In its genesis state includes primary non-civil unions - the family and village. Historically, these elements, including the man himself, preceded it. However, the nature of the state as a whole, says Aristotle, is determined by the nature of its elements. Therefore the idea of state (not historically, not in the origin) precedes all other forms of human communication, and seem to have existed before the individual. Thus a living organism, having formed, dominates over its parts, and separate organs. The bottom line is, according to Aristotle, first the ability of state to give all its people a good life, which covers all separate elements of the state. Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of justice: equalizing and distributing. The first is based on the equality (arithmetic - in the case of the division of subjects amenable to the account), the second inequality implies and justifies it. Here Aristotle agrees with Plato. He spoke of the inequality. Aristotle prefers a formula of "unequal" ( distribute) justice. The same principle, according to Aristotle, should be applied at the organization of the policy. The aim of the policy - the common good. To ensure an equitable distribution of power, honor, rights and responsibilities, must take into account the contribution of each to the common good. He is determined not only by their state and spending on social needs. As an important indicator of the lack of justice, Aristotle considers the absence of extremes between rich and poor, the golden middle. His ethical principle - nothing excessive. In the policy he seeks to achieve a balance between rich and poor, common people and aristocrats, philosophers and ordinary peoples brain power. Aristotle considered middle-class people, not poor, but not too rich, the best in the policy and its reliable support, for they are able to understand the common good, not prone to extremes. Following well-established tradition, Aristotle divides the number of states participating in the management of three groups - where one person dominates, the few or the majority. But to this "arithmetic" principle, he adds a quality and ethical criteria. Depending on whether the governors think of the common good, or only of their own interests. And in this he is not entirely original. Such a classification was made by Plato. Aristotle makes some of the nuances in the definition of the six forms of the state, obtained by combining the two above-mentioned criteria. Aristotle states that correct the power of one man called monarchy, incorrectt tyranny, proper government by the few - the aristocracy, wrong - the oligarchy. The correct rule of the majority is polity, and wrong - democracy. In such a way it is clear that the views of Aristotle and Plato dont differ that much. In a democratic society the ideal government refers to the government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The democratic characterization of government would be the idea of three prominent philosophers; the good government could also be built on the same characterization. Therefore, people are a core of government because people make the governments by participating in political process. And, people in the government are actually those people who participated to form a government. The concept of a democratic government also refers to the notion of Aristotles scholarly approach of cities or community, Platos approach of republic, and Hannah Arendts concept of public and private realm. Therefore, altogether, government is a conception of a public or a community and its activities are based on public and community. The formation of government and its functions are governed by the public and the community. So, it is an activity of public realm to build good community, republic or government for the people, it should be formed of the people, and it has to be formed by the people. It is clear, that Plato gave a broad picture of how a perfect state should be arranged(it should be aristocratic), every person should a child, and do what he intended and should not expose his or her body and soul to various temptations in the form of excessive love comfort or hobbies. If such a state and such a person actually existed, then perhaps it would be nice, though it was boring to communicate with only aristocratic citizens. The ideas of Plato embodied with precision in real life (especially with regard to the oligarchy, tyranny and democracy). One can rebuild the state machinery and make it perfect, but to it is impossible to subdue a man's soul with the same rules. And the whole history of the past century has proved this when totally failed attempts to "create a new man." Aristotle points to the main purpose of the state as the common good. Because every state is a kind of communication, while all communication is organized for the sake of good (after all, every activity has in mind the expected benefit). This sort of communication is called the state or political communication, and Aristotle pays great attention to it, for expects it form the foremost strong bases for the good state. For Aristotle, the polis (state) is a certain unity of the whole and its constituent elements, but he criticizes Plato's attempt to make the state "over one". The state consists of many elements, and an excessive desire for their unity leads to the destruction of the state. Aristotle stands as staunch defender of individual rights, private property and family. Aristotle, unlikely to Plato sees the political system (government) with the right to require the freedom of members of the political and legal communication. Thus the policy (the state) and the law are, according to Aristotle, the forms of liberty, of free men forms of communication, but not dependent individuals who are in the oppressive subordination or slave state. The doctrine of Aristotle has not lost its relevance in today's world and seems to be more realistic than Platos one. Aristotle in his treatise "Politics" emphasized the State's responsibility for the maintenance of cooperation and the overcoming of division between people. Thinker believed that power should belong not to the poor and not very wealthy and middle-slaveholders politicians, which dont necessarily have to be philosophers. The essence of this essay is also about happiness of citizens for having good laws and good administration around them. For without justice a nation cannot achieve the status of a civilized nation. And, without civilization no society can be treated as a community. Therefore, justice is deemed the basis of achieving the status of a civilized nation. For a. member of community and for the whole community justice is something that gives social, political and the domestic/in house equality. Therefore, justice is an utmost and ultimate requirement of a stable and lawful government. No government can run its system and procedures in a proper manner without justice. Plato has presented very good notion of just and unjust man in his theory of politics. He justified the importance of justice and denied the unjust prevalence in the society. On the other hand, Aristotle has add-on ethics in his politics theory that also means the justice and respect in the system and process of politics. So, justice is basic to achieve a status of a civilized nation. I personally believe that a good city concept presented in the theories of above-mentioned scholars is critically important to individual happiness. The reason behind my opinion is a cooperative community; it is a guarantee of communal happiness to the individual. There are several examples of united individuals and independent individuals. The outcome civilizations get from these experiences is the united individuals or the community system, which is much better for the independent individuals. Buy custom Ideas of Plato and Aristotle essay

Domestic Violence and its consequences for Women and Children Essay

Domestic Violence and its consequences for Women and Children - Essay Example Domestic violence does not occur within a certain ethnicity, race, religion or economic status, it prevails everywhere. In most cases the abuser is male as stated by the Home Affairs Select Committee (HASC), and usually the female or a child is the victim. A new definition of domestic violence for use by the police for statistical purposes states that "it is any violence between a current or former partner in an intimate relationship, wherever and whenever it occurs. Domestic violence is not an isolated, individual event but rather a pattern of repeated behaviors that the abuser uses to gain power and control over the victim. Unlike stranger-to-stranger violence, in domestic violence situations the same perpetrator repeatedly assaults the same victim. The text defines the term domestic violence as: any spousal or interfamilial conflicts of sufficient nature to justify law enforcement intervention; spousal abuse is most frequently cited. May involve parent-child conflict, either physi cal or psychological. Domestic violence is found in all types of intimate relationships whether the individuals are of the same or opposite sex, are married or dating, or are in a current or past intimate relationship. There are two essential elements in every domestic violence situation: the victim and abuser have been intimately involved at some point in time, and the abuser consciously chooses to use violence and other abusive tactics to gain control over the victim. A new definition of domestic violence for use.

Compare and contrast the beliefs separating the two sides in the Irish Essay

Compare and contrast the beliefs separating the two sides in the Irish Civil War (1922-23) - Essay Example As a matter of fact, even the new parliamentarians of the Free State were entailed to swear their loyalty to the British King/Queen. (1) The Country was divided into two halves owing to the issues resulting from the Treaty – one side arguing that this Pact conforms to the long-term interests of Ireland and the other strongly disagreeing with it. Despite best efforts of both the sides, mainly from the Pro-Pact one, to bring about an amicable solution to the issue, the Civil War could not be avoided. The War was eventually won by the group favoring the Treaty. It (War) led to severe bloodshed and devastation, the likes of which were without a precedent at that point of time of Ireland’s history. Additionally, the strong repercussions of the Civil War can be seen exercising their impact on the political scenario of even the present-day Ireland. (1) It needs to be noted that the root cause for the origin of any conflict leading to a large scale war is the varying ideology and diverse beliefs of various groups, with the Irish Civil War being no exception to this thumb rule. The respective beliefs of both the sides involved in this battle were diametrically opposite to each other. At this juncture, it would be worthwhile to be briefly analyzing these ideologies, so as to develop an apt understanding about the reasons triggering such a big war. For the group abiding by the Treaty, it (Treaty) was considered to be supporting the form of democracy where citizens have the right to vote, while the opposing side viewed the pact as a collective conspiracy designed to further strengthen the British presence in Ireland. From the viewpoint of the anti-Treaty faction, the democracy that the supporters claimed to be resulting (from the Treaty), was a weak system relying heavily on the protection offered by the UK. (2) The opponents were primarily driven by their firm conviction that it is solely their political ideology, which would pave the way for

Investigating the Strength of a Supermarkets Plastic Bag Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Strength of a Supermarkets Plastic Bag Essay Aim I have been asked to investigate the strength of a supermarkets plastic bag. I am going to test and analyse the plastic bag by investigating how applying a gradual increasing force effects the extension of the material. Apparatus * 30cm by 1cm strip of plastic bag, * Stand, * Clamp, * Boss, * Weights (N)- 100g * 2 wood blocks, * Ruler Method Before we can begin the experiment my group and I will have to set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram but with excluding the weights. We will set up the apparatus by cutting a 1 by 30cm strip of plastic from a plastic bag. We will proceed by placing the strip in between the two wooden blocks and then into the clamp. We will then begin the experiment by applying the first weight of 1 Newton. After applying the first weight we will then measure the length of the plastic strip record the length and calculate the extension. We will continue the experiment by adding another 1 Newton and recording the result and extension again. We will continue to keep adding 1 Newton and recording the results until the strip of plastic snaps or we have recorded a total of 10 results. We will redo the experiment twice again so that the results are more accurate and we can determine an average. To make sure that we keep it a fair test we will make sure that we use the same length of plastic strip each time we carry out the experiment. When we increase the force we will always increase by 1 Newton to keep it a fair test. We will be measuring the length and extension of the plastic strip in centimetres (cm). We are doing to this to measure it. Preliminary Work Before completing the plan we tested the experiment as explained in the method. We found that as we increased the force in 1 Newton that the plastic strip actually snapped under an average of 3 Newtons which didnt give us enough results for the experiment. We tested this 3 times and found that this was happening for each time we carried out the experiment. To compensate for this we have decided to increase the force by only half a Newton so that more results can be recorded. Whilst carrying out the experiment we did record a set of results as follows- Experiment 1 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1 28.4 0.4 2 28.8 0.8 3 29.3 1.3 Experiment 2 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1 28.2 0.2 2 28.6 0.6 3 29 1 Experiment 3 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1 28.5 0.5 2 28.7 0.7 3 28.9 0.9 4 29.2 1.2 From these preliminary results I can see that the plastic extends to no more than 1.3cm of its original length before snapping. These results will help me with my prediction. Prediction I already know that the plastic bag is made up of polymers. These are chemical bonds which make up the properties that form the plastic bag. The polymers in which plastic bags are made are more commonly known as polyethylene. Polyethylene is a straight chain polymer. It consists of chains made up of only carbon and hydrogen. The bond that form the chain are covalent bonds and are held together by relatively weak electrostatic forces, because the bond carbon and hydrogen that form the polyethylene are covalent it means that they share electrons. The displayed formula for polyethylene is The chains can go on and on, The longer the chains the stronger the plastic. Polyethylene is very cheap to produce. It is strong and easily moulded. There are forces acting between the particles or molecules of the polyethylene which prevent the change in shape of the material, which when forces are applied can effect. Under the action of external forces the polymer bonds stretch and begin to straighten. At this point the plastic is actin as an elastic. As more force is applied will continue straightening until they reach a point of equal force, at this point the plastic is in a state of strain and can no longer straighten out. This is where the plastic begins to act as a plastic. If more force is applied the bonds will snap and the plastic strip will also snap. After taking into account of the information I already know and the results from my preliminary work, I predict that as the force is applied to the plastic strip it will stretch as an elastic until the force becomes so great it reaches a point at which it can no longer stretch as the bonds have been straightened and weakened, at this point I believe that the plastic strip will snap. Results Whilst carrying out my experiment I recorded the following results, Experiment 1 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1/2 28 0 1 28.2 0.2 1-1/2 28.2 0.2 2 28.4 0.4 2-1/2 28.4 0.4 3 28.6 0.6 3-1/2 28.7 0.7 4 29.0 1 Experiment 2 Weight(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1/2 28 0 1 28.2 0.2 1-1/2 28.3 0.3 2 28.3 0.3 2-1/2 28.5 0.5 3 28.6 0.7 3-1/2 28.8 0.9 4 29.0 1.1 Experiment 3 Weight(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1/2 28.1 0.1 1 28.1 0.1 1-1/2 28.2 0.2 2 28.3 0.3 2-1/2 28.5 0.5 3 28.7 0.7 3-1/2 28.9 0.9 4 29.1 1.1 I am now going to calculate the average for the extensions of each experiment, Average results Weight(N) Average extension(cm) 0 0 1/2 0.03 1 0.1 1-1/2 0.2 2 0.3 2-1/2 0.4 3 0.6 3-1/2 0.8 4 1.0 I am now going to plot a line graph for each set of results and my average results so that they can be easily viewed and analysed. I will use the line graphs to look for patterns and trends. I can also use the line graphs to determine whether I experienced any anomalous or irregular results.

What Compact Disc Would I Take to a Desert Island? :: Music

What Compact Disc Would I Take to a Desert Island? Tough question. What else to take? Easy Enough. I would bring as many bags of Utz Salt n’ Vinegar potato chips as possible, one copy of Earnest Hemmingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, and I figure just about any woman would suit me. Denied these things, the choice of a Desert Island Disc is made much more complicated. With nothing else to occupy my mind I need that one great disc. Much like Nick Tosches’ choice of Sticky Fingers I find this decision extremely difficult: "But Sticky Fingers is a choice as mysterious and as difficult to explain to myself as anyone else."(Tosches 4) The choices are numerous and I’m pulled and so many different directions at once it is very difficult to decide. Santiago had it easy; I’ll take the Marlin over this essay any day. The first band that popped into my head was, of course, Led Zeppelin. But, before I thought of any Zeppelin albums a few other choices came by. The first had to be Pink Floyd’s Dark Side of the Moon. This album gets as much listening time as any single Led Zeppelin album. The music is haunting, powerful, and emotional. The problem with this is it lacks some of the levity that I felt would be necessary on the Desert Island. Tracks like "Time", which is about how fast time goes by in life, would only remind of how heart wrenchingly slow time would flow on the desolate sandbar. Darkside had to go. My next thought was Yes 90125 released when the band reformed in the early 80’s. This album in my opinion is on of the greatest albums ever composed. It though my entire lifetime has consumed the lion’s share of my listening time. This album flows as almost a singular musical creation. But this lacked levity and more importantly the variety that I wanted. This one wouldn’t fly either. The next album that popped into my head was Das Efx Dead Serious. This rap album might sound like a strange choice when compared to the other albums I’ve described. But I love it. It like 90125 really is a masterpiece of album composing. I love the beats and the rolling rhythm of the lyrics. The problem with this is that much like Yes it lacks the variety I wanted. All said and done my choice has to be Led Zeppelin’s Houses of the Holy. What Compact Disc Would I Take to a Desert Island? :: Music What Compact Disc Would I Take to a Desert Island? Tough question. What else to take? Easy Enough. I would bring as many bags of Utz Salt n’ Vinegar potato chips as possible, one copy of Earnest Hemmingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, and I figure just about any woman would suit me. Denied these things, the choice of a Desert Island Disc is made much more complicated. With nothing else to occupy my mind I need that one great disc. Much like Nick Tosches’ choice of Sticky Fingers I find this decision extremely difficult: "But Sticky Fingers is a choice as mysterious and as difficult to explain to myself as anyone else."(Tosches 4) The choices are numerous and I’m pulled and so many different directions at once it is very difficult to decide. Santiago had it easy; I’ll take the Marlin over this essay any day. The first band that popped into my head was, of course, Led Zeppelin. But, before I thought of any Zeppelin albums a few other choices came by. The first had to be Pink Floyd’s Dark Side of the Moon. This album gets as much listening time as any single Led Zeppelin album. The music is haunting, powerful, and emotional. The problem with this is it lacks some of the levity that I felt would be necessary on the Desert Island. Tracks like "Time", which is about how fast time goes by in life, would only remind of how heart wrenchingly slow time would flow on the desolate sandbar. Darkside had to go. My next thought was Yes 90125 released when the band reformed in the early 80’s. This album in my opinion is on of the greatest albums ever composed. It though my entire lifetime has consumed the lion’s share of my listening time. This album flows as almost a singular musical creation. But this lacked levity and more importantly the variety that I wanted. This one wouldn’t fly either. The next album that popped into my head was Das Efx Dead Serious. This rap album might sound like a strange choice when compared to the other albums I’ve described. But I love it. It like 90125 really is a masterpiece of album composing. I love the beats and the rolling rhythm of the lyrics. The problem with this is that much like Yes it lacks the variety I wanted. All said and done my choice has to be Led Zeppelin’s Houses of the Holy.

Corporal punishment Essay

Introduction The performance of most South African schools fluctuates from time to time. These fluctuation trends are as a result of the micro-evolutionary mechanistic changes that consistently take place throughout the country. Some schools in the urban areas perform extremely well, but some perform poorly despite the available resources that the school have. For example some of these schools have laboratories that are highly functional and also well structured for experimental as well as practical work which enhances skills in learners and also intensifies the existing theoretical knowledge that the learners have, whereas in schools geographically featured in remote areas or should I say rural schools, these resources are scarce. Privileged learners in these schools (urban) do not utilize these resources appropriately. Most learners in rural areas come from very disadvantaged homes and go to disadvantaged schools. However, the performance in some of these schools is satisfactory. Some learners academically excel irrespective of the harsh conditions they have to encounter on a daily basis. These Excellencies are facilitated by educators, parents/guardians or community members who act as â€Å"steering† in the learning environment. Educators in these schools sympathize with their learners and thus dedicate themselves in everything they do which effectively enhance as well make active the mindset of learners irrespective of their spectral backgrounds. We often hear of these educators who play such critical roles in learner’s academic life in newspapers, community radio stations and also on televisions. Some of the work of these educators may not be globally recognized but the outcomes are truly appreciated in the South African context. Distinction between resilience and excellence The restoration from form unfavourable conditions due to environmental factors is referred to as resilience. Generally resilience according to Akhurst and Sader, 2012 is â€Å"the process of recovering quickly from misfortune or illness†. If resilience was to be explained in scientific terms: It can be explained as follows, â€Å"let’s consider a typical plant cell and see what happens when you place it in a saturated solution( solution containing an excessive amounts of solutes) , the plant cell shrinks, becomes smaller in size and temporarily lose form and shape. During the process, its contents are rearranged, altered and functionality ceases to operate. When you take the same plant cell and place it in pure water, the cell regains its contents and gets restored back to its original form. The plant cell does not die because there is a â€Å"resilient force† which prevents it from total annihilation. The plant cell stays dormant until its physiological conditions get restored†. Similarly in the context of resilience in schools, some schools are able to overcome the barriers associated with learning and continue with the production of good results irrespective of external factors. Excellence in simple terms can be described as the ability to do well or the production of positive outcomes. Excellence in schools can be assessed differenty depending on the schools primary purpose. For example schools that do well in mathematics regard themselves as being excellent whereas schools that perform well in Speech and drama also regards themselves also as being excellent. So in actual fact, the description of the excellent depends on the desired outcomes of that particular context. Excellence in schools Resilience in Relation to Excellence Corporal punishment was another way of shaping learners, that mischiveously stood on the way pathway of learners with the willingness to perform to produce outstanding results. (Christie, P, 2001, p52). Even though this is very unlawful, meetings based on corporal punishments are first discussed with the parents/guardians of the learners before a decision is taken. Some learners parents/guardians agrees, specifically those with children’s from black schools. The reason why they (parents) permit educators to give corporal punishment is simply because they were raised in a similar way which in a way instilled good discipline and also helped them to be responsible individuals. â€Å"Some parents still believe that abandoning corporal punishment by the government is the reason why learners perform poorly in their subjects at school. However, according to Christie, 2012, the banning of corporal punishment could not be the reason for poor performance in South African schools, because no evidence was gathered in the apartheid era. Some resilient learners were greatly aspired by pupils in the community, these included church, and community services. This is true, for example in my case after trying to give on school . i. e. at high school, some grown up folks that lived in the same neighbourhood as me, folks that i used to hang up with and take drugs encouraged and told me that dropping out of school was not an option for a person who really wants to be successful in life. At first when they said this, i questioned them about why did they drop out at standard 8 and 9, now known as grade 10 and 11 respectively? Unfortunately these guys did history while still at school and the response they gave was a quotation from former S. A president, Nelson Mandela, which stated that â€Å"A 70 year old can never think like a 30 year old, and being 70 years of age gives you the licence and priviledge that the 30 year old can never have†. The second quotation they gave was from Malcom X, which stated that,†The future belongs to those who prepare for it today†. Well at that stage all of this was meaningless to me as a science learner, but after being triggered by a discussion I had with one of my EDPD610 colleague (Ms Moodley) during the first contact session, I started to realise the in depth meaning that these guys were trying to convey to me 11 years ago. Conditions at that time for me were unfavourable, both mom and dad were uneducated, consumed liquor and I had to watch my father beat my mother almost every weekend, the home turned into a â€Å"gladiator ring† with my elder brother and I as the referees. I was good in mathematics and science at grade 8, but when I reached grade 10, the performance started to deteriorate because I started to take drugs and abandoned my soccer training in the afternoons. I joined wrong friends and isolated myself from my primary school buddies. Unfortunately one of my science teachers, Mrs S Padayachee detected the problem and confronted me directly. I received help, woke up and dusted myself, but it was too late for me to catch up with the material covered in grade 12. I ended passing with bad symbols and decided to repeat my matric. After repeating, I passed with good symbols, enrolled for Bsc degree at UKZN, graduated, and now i’m a science educator, with less than a year experience. Generally I feel revived, resurrected, and restored and have this immense power of wanting to infiltrate knowledge to South African learners. I managed to excel academically despite the repulsive forces that acted upon me, I managed to excel in overcoming my negative thoughts, I managed to excel in making my family proud of me because i’m the only person in the family to reach matric and have a degree. Best practices of teacher’s resilience in their schools Conclusion References 1) http://web. uvic. ca/hr/managertoolkit/changeandtransition/takingchargechange. pdf( date accessed 13/03/13) 2) Botha ,R. J(2004). Excellence in leadership : The demands the professional school pricinple. Retrieved 08 March 13, 2013http://www. ajol. info/index. php/saje/article/viewFile/24995/20678 3) Christie,P. (2001). Improving school quality in South Africa: a study of schools that have succeeded against the odds. Journal of Education , 41,45,52 4) Hattie, J (2003). Teachers make a difference: what is the research eveidence.

Discrimination on Women Fight for Equality - 800 Words

Years have passed since Berkeley was a place that was governed by the male stereotype whereby close to everything was done from a male perspective. Gender discrimination in this age and era has been at an all time low but there are those people who do not wish to accept that we are all equal. There have been attempts to change the idea that some people have of the way that women or the female gender should be treated but they have seemed to be futile. This paper shall discuss the inequality that occurs by gender and its relation to some of the things that have happened in the past. In the time when people were more focused on the gender of a person, there was a lot of disparity in the way that they treated each other. Men were held more†¦show more content†¦There may have been a reduced sense of feminism but the fact that fewer people are more willing to think of ladies as important has resulted in fewer women being courageous enough to venture into politics (Rudman, Laurie, Peter 2001). The government process is seen as one that is not meant for women who are seen to be motherly and that they cannot make the hard decisions that are needed to be made for the greater good of the country and thus, if they venture into the government, they will be given jobs that are not as dependant on them as their male counterparts would be. Women are seen o be more emotional and thus believed that their judgment could be biased due to their emotional state. The fact that ladies are looked down upon may result in there being a sense of low self-esteem and this is some thing that plagues many women forcing them to take menial jobs that they are over-qualified for. Women and the female gender are seen as people that do not need to be given too much work and they should be handled with care for they are women. However, according to sociologist Allie Hochschild, the women that were given jobs in high ranking positions were still not recognized for their efforts and were even paid less than the people that worked under them (Hochschild, and Machung 67). In the family, the lady is seen as the person that should be more involved in the catering of the family by taking care of the children and the family needs whereasShow MoreRelatedWomen s Role For Women1343 Words   |  6 Pagesfelt superior to women while women are referred to as the weaker sex. Boys are raised up knowing that they are the stronger gender and that there are some tasks, which they can perform well than their female counterparts. The debate about equality for both genders has dominated the media over the years, from the times of feminism (the 1980s) to post feminism (Hokowhitu). 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